Liens
- http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-evolution-human-origins/ancient-cranial-surgery-practice-drilling-holes-cranium-dates-back#!bdWt2h
dimanche 13 juillet 2014
dimanche 18 avril 2010
Synthetic life
The J. Craig Venter Institute is developing methods to synthesize whole genomes from scratch, using machines that can string together the chemical bases that make up the genetic code: A,T,C, and G. But genomes don't do anything without a cell, and cells aren't anything without a genetic code, leaving us with the original chicken/egg problem.
Once a genome is synthesized, it needs to be transplanted into a living bacterial cell whose genome has been removed. The ability to transplant the natural genome from one species of bacteria into the cell body of another was demonstrated in 2007, with the host cell literally turning into the donor cell as it replicated the donor genome and divided.
Once a genome is synthesized, it needs to be transplanted into a living bacterial cell whose genome has been removed. The ability to transplant the natural genome from one species of bacteria into the cell body of another was demonstrated in 2007, with the host cell literally turning into the donor cell as it replicated the donor genome and divided.
The Epigenome - Molecular Hide and Seek
Author:
Beck, Stephan
Olek, Alexander
Subject:Biology, Life Sciences
Published by:Wiley-VCH
Published:11/03/2003
Price:$115.00
This is the first book that describes the role of the Epigenome (cytosine methylation) in the interplay between nature and nurture. It focuses and stimulates interest in what will be one of the most exciting areas of post-sequencing genome science: the relationship between genetics and the environment.
Written by the most reputable authors in the field, this book is essential reading for researchers interested in the science arising from the human genome sequence and its implications on health care, industry and society.
Beck, Stephan
Olek, Alexander
Subject:Biology, Life Sciences
Published by:Wiley-VCH
Published:11/03/2003
Price:$115.00
This is the first book that describes the role of the Epigenome (cytosine methylation) in the interplay between nature and nurture. It focuses and stimulates interest in what will be one of the most exciting areas of post-sequencing genome science: the relationship between genetics and the environment.
Written by the most reputable authors in the field, this book is essential reading for researchers interested in the science arising from the human genome sequence and its implications on health care, industry and society.
Who is Craig Venter ?
Venter developed a method of deciphering genomes known as whole-genome shotgun sequencing. The genome to be analyzed is broken into random, overlapping fragments of DNA that are a few thousand letters in length. Each fragment is sequenced, or read. Then the fragments are reassembled by a computer into their correct order. Although there were initially many skeptics, Venter’s conviction that shotgunning would be faster and just as accurate for much genome deciphering proved to be true, and the technique is now widely used.
In 1995 Venter and his team used the technique to obtain the first complete genome (DNA sequence) of an organism other than a virus, that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. In 2000, in collaboration with researchers at the University of California at Berkeley, he published almost the entire genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In 2001 his team and a competing group published rough drafts of the human genome.
He was the former president and founder of Celera Genomics, which became famous for running a parallel version of the Human Genome Project of its own for commercial purposes, using shotgun sequencing technology in 1999. The aim of the Celera project was to create a database of genomic data that users could subscribe to for a fee. This proved very unpopular in the genetics community and spurred several groups to redouble their efforts to produce the full sequence and release it as open access. DNA from 5 individuals was used by Celera to generate the sequence of the human genome; one of the 5 individuals used in this project was Venter. The Human Genome Project, which was composed of many groups from around the world, rendered the attempt to privatise the process unfeasible. Venter was fired by Celera in early 2002 after it became clear that selling genome data would not become profitable and Venter resisted efforts by the company board to change the strategic direction of the company.
Despite their differing motivations, Venter and rival scientist Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000, along with US President Bill Clinton.
In 1995 Venter and his team used the technique to obtain the first complete genome (DNA sequence) of an organism other than a virus, that of the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. In 2000, in collaboration with researchers at the University of California at Berkeley, he published almost the entire genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In 2001 his team and a competing group published rough drafts of the human genome.
He was the former president and founder of Celera Genomics, which became famous for running a parallel version of the Human Genome Project of its own for commercial purposes, using shotgun sequencing technology in 1999. The aim of the Celera project was to create a database of genomic data that users could subscribe to for a fee. This proved very unpopular in the genetics community and spurred several groups to redouble their efforts to produce the full sequence and release it as open access. DNA from 5 individuals was used by Celera to generate the sequence of the human genome; one of the 5 individuals used in this project was Venter. The Human Genome Project, which was composed of many groups from around the world, rendered the attempt to privatise the process unfeasible. Venter was fired by Celera in early 2002 after it became clear that selling genome data would not become profitable and Venter resisted efforts by the company board to change the strategic direction of the company.
Despite their differing motivations, Venter and rival scientist Francis Collins of the National Institute of Health jointly made the announcement of the mapping of the human genome in 2000, along with US President Bill Clinton.
lundi 5 avril 2010
Journalistes médicaux
USA
- Nicholas Wade, New York Times (Index) (Biologie, Génétique, Médecine)
- John Schwartz, New York Times (Justice et médecine)
- Andrew Pollack, New York Times (Business et nédecine)
- Nicholas Wade, New York Times (Index) (Biologie, Génétique, Médecine)
- John Schwartz, New York Times (Justice et médecine)
- Andrew Pollack, New York Times (Business et nédecine)
Non, les gènes ne sont pas brevetables: l'arrêt Myriad
Un juge américain, (’honorable Robert W. Sweet, invalide les brevets de Myriad sur les gènes BRCA1 et BRCA2, deux gènes de prédisposition majeurs pour le cancer du sein et de l’ovaire.
Cette décision fait suite à la plainte de patientes et de groupes de pression américain. Myriad par ses brevets empêchait la recherche de mutations par d’autres. Il était impossible de vérifier ses résultats sous peine de poursuite. Cette société était dans une position de monopole sur ce marché.
Elle le vend très cher ce droit indu: 3000$ le test BRCA1.
Références
- Robert W. Sweet, sur Wikipedia
- Le site Web de Myriad
- Myriad Genetics sur Wikipedia
- Le jugement de 150 pages
- Judge Invalidates Human Gene Patent, New York Times, March 29, 2010
Cette décision fait suite à la plainte de patientes et de groupes de pression américain. Myriad par ses brevets empêchait la recherche de mutations par d’autres. Il était impossible de vérifier ses résultats sous peine de poursuite. Cette société était dans une position de monopole sur ce marché.
Elle le vend très cher ce droit indu: 3000$ le test BRCA1.
Références
- Robert W. Sweet, sur Wikipedia
- Le site Web de Myriad
- Myriad Genetics sur Wikipedia
- Le jugement de 150 pages
- Judge Invalidates Human Gene Patent, New York Times, March 29, 2010
La variabilité phénotypique des chiens
Pourquoi les chiens ont-ils une telle variété de tailles, de couleurs de pelage, de morphologies ?
Ces importantes variations de taille sont contrôlées par un nombre limité de gènes.
Les petits chiens sont petits car ils portent le même haplotype de IGF-1.
L’aspect du pelage est dépendant de trois gènes: RSPO2 (poil dur ou souple) , FGF5 (longueur du poil) et KRT71 (bouclé ou non).
Ces caractéristiques physiques sont contrôlées par un nombre très restreint de gènes, responsables de la variabilité phénotypique des chiens.
Le chien de race n'est en réalité qu'un mutant sélectionné. Malgré leur diversité tous ces animaux peuvent se reproduire entre eux et appartiennent à l’espèce Canis familiaris.
Références
- Pourquoi le chien des Pyrénnées est hexadactyle? , Blog " Kystes et autres choses " , 31 mars 2010
- Abigail L. Shearin et Elaine A. Ostrander, “Canine Morphology: Hunting for Genes and Tracking Mutations,” PLoS Biol 8, no. 3 (Mars 2, 2010): e1000310.
Ces importantes variations de taille sont contrôlées par un nombre limité de gènes.
Les petits chiens sont petits car ils portent le même haplotype de IGF-1.
L’aspect du pelage est dépendant de trois gènes: RSPO2 (poil dur ou souple) , FGF5 (longueur du poil) et KRT71 (bouclé ou non).
Ces caractéristiques physiques sont contrôlées par un nombre très restreint de gènes, responsables de la variabilité phénotypique des chiens.
Le chien de race n'est en réalité qu'un mutant sélectionné. Malgré leur diversité tous ces animaux peuvent se reproduire entre eux et appartiennent à l’espèce Canis familiaris.
Références
- Pourquoi le chien des Pyrénnées est hexadactyle? , Blog " Kystes et autres choses " , 31 mars 2010
- Abigail L. Shearin et Elaine A. Ostrander, “Canine Morphology: Hunting for Genes and Tracking Mutations,” PLoS Biol 8, no. 3 (Mars 2, 2010): e1000310.
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